Mapped Types - TypeScript Expert - ggcoder.com

Basic Syntax

A mapped type creates a new type by iterating over the keys of an existing type and transforming each one. It is the mechanism behind TypeScript's most commonly used utility types.

basic-mapped.ts

1// Basic form: iterate over all keys of T and keep their types2type Copy<T> = {3	[K in keyof T]: T[K];4};56type User = { name: string; age: number; active: boolean };7type UserCopy = Copy<User>;8// { name: string; age: number; active: boolean }910// Transform the value type for every key11type Stringify<T> = {12	[K in keyof T]: string;

The [K in keyof T] syntax iterates over every key of T. Within the mapping, K refers to the current key and T[K] is the property's type in the original type.

Modifiers: readonly and ?

Mapped types can add or remove the readonly and optional (?) modifiers from each property. Prefix + adds a modifier (the default), prefix - removes it.

modifiers.ts

1type User = { name: string; age?: number; readonly id: string };23// Add readonly to every property (same as built-in Readonly<T>)4type Readonly<T> = {5	readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K];6};78// Add ? to every property (same as built-in Partial<T>)9type Partial<T> = {10	[K in keyof T]?: T[K];11};12

Info

The - prefix is the only way to strip readonly or ? from a property. Without it, adding the modifier when one already exists is a no-op rather than an error.

Key Remapping with as

TypeScript 4.1 introduced key remapping via an as clause. This lets you transform key names — not just value types — inside a mapped type.

key-remapping.ts

1// Prefix every key with "get" and capitalize it2type Getters<T> = {3	[K in keyof T as `get${Capitalize<string & K>}`]: () => T[K];4};56type User = { name: string; age: number };7type UserGetters = Getters<User>;8// { getName: () => string; getAge: () => number }910// Suffix every key with "Input" for form state11type FormInputs<T> = {12	[K in keyof T as `${string & K}Input`]: string;

Filtering Keys with never

Returning never from the as clause removes that key from the resulting type. This is the idiomatic way to conditionally exclude properties inside a mapped type.

filtering-keys.ts

1// Keep only string-valued properties2type StringProps<T> = {3	[K in keyof T as T[K] extends string ? K : never]: T[K];4};56type Mixed = { name: string; age: number; bio: string; active: boolean };78type OnlyStrings = StringProps<Mixed>;9// { name: string; bio: string }1011// Keep only method (function) properties12type Methods<T> = {

Transforming Values with Conditional Types

Mapped types and conditional types compose naturally. Use a conditional type on the value side to transform each property's type based on its own shape.

value-transforms.ts

1// Wrap every property in a Promise2type Promisify<T> = {3	[K in keyof T]: Promise<T[K]>;4};56// Unwrap Promise from every property7type Awaited<T> = {8	[K in keyof T]: T[K] extends Promise<infer R> ? R : T[K];9};1011// Make nullable properties optional12type NullableToOptional<T> = {

Practical Patterns

Here are production-grade mapped type patterns found in large TypeScript codebases — from API normalisation to form schema generation.

practical-patterns.ts

1// Record<K, V> — maps a set of keys to a value type2type Record<K extends string | number | symbol, V> = {3	[P in K]: V;4};5type UserIndex = Record<string, { name: string }>;67// Pick<T, K> — keep only the specified keys8type Pick<T, K extends keyof T> = {9	[P in K]: T[P];10};11type UserPreview = Pick<User, "name" | "id">;12

Recursive Mapped Types

TypeScript supports recursive mapped types, letting you apply transformations to every level of a nested object type. Always guard with a conditional type to stop recursion at non-object leaves.

recursive-mapped.ts

1// Deep readonly — every nested object is also frozen2type DeepReadonly<T> = {3	readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends object ? DeepReadonly<T[K]> : T[K];4};56// Deep required — remove optional from every level7type DeepRequired<T> = {8	[K in keyof T]-?: T[K] extends object ? DeepRequired<T[K]> : T[K];9};1011// Deep record — every leaf value becomes a given type12type DeepRecord<T, V> = {

Info

Recursive mapped types applied to circular types cause infinite expansion. TypeScript detects some cycles but not all — test carefully with self-referential structures like linked lists or tree nodes.

Summary

{ [K in keyof T]: T[K] } is the base form — iterate every key and preserve its type

+ adds and - removes readonly and ? modifiers per property

The as clause remaps key names, commonly with template literal types

Return never in the as clause to filter out unwanted keys

Readonly, Partial, Required, Pick, Omit, Record are all mapped types

Combine with conditional types on the value side for per-property conditional transformation

Recursive mapped types propagate transformations through every level of a nested object

1// Basic form: iterate over all keys of T and keep their types2type Copy<T> = {3 [K in keyof T]: T[K];4};56type User = { name: string; age: number; active: boolean };7type UserCopy = Copy<User>;8// { name: string; age: number; active: boolean }910// Transform the value type for every key11type Stringify<T> = {12 [K in keyof T]: string;

1type User = { name: string; age?: number; readonly id: string };23// Add readonly to every property (same as built-in Readonly<T>)4type Readonly<T> = {5 readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K];6};78// Add ? to every property (same as built-in Partial<T>)9type Partial<T> = {10 [K in keyof T]?: T[K];11};12

1// Prefix every key with "get" and capitalize it2type Getters<T> = {3 [K in keyof T as `get${Capitalize<string & K>}`]: () => T[K];4};56type User = { name: string; age: number };7type UserGetters = Getters<User>;8// { getName: () => string; getAge: () => number }910// Suffix every key with "Input" for form state11type FormInputs<T> = {12 [K in keyof T as `${string & K}Input`]: string;

1// Keep only string-valued properties2type StringProps<T> = {3 [K in keyof T as T[K] extends string ? K : never]: T[K];4};56type Mixed = { name: string; age: number; bio: string; active: boolean };78type OnlyStrings = StringProps<Mixed>;9// { name: string; bio: string }1011// Keep only method (function) properties12type Methods<T> = {

1// Wrap every property in a Promise2type Promisify<T> = {3 [K in keyof T]: Promise<T[K]>;4};56// Unwrap Promise from every property7type Awaited<T> = {8 [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends Promise<infer R> ? R : T[K];9};1011// Make nullable properties optional12type NullableToOptional<T> = {

1// Record<K, V> — maps a set of keys to a value type2type Record<K extends string | number | symbol, V> = {3 [P in K]: V;4};5type UserIndex = Record<string, { name: string }>;67// Pick<T, K> — keep only the specified keys8type Pick<T, K extends keyof T> = {9 [P in K]: T[P];10};11type UserPreview = Pick<User, "name" | "id">;12

1// Deep readonly — every nested object is also frozen2type DeepReadonly<T> = {3 readonly [K in keyof T]: T[K] extends object ? DeepReadonly<T[K]> : T[K];4};56// Deep required — remove optional from every level7type DeepRequired<T> = {8 [K in keyof T]-?: T[K] extends object ? DeepRequired<T[K]> : T[K];9};1011// Deep record — every leaf value becomes a given type12type DeepRecord<T, V> = {